Population Crisis

POPOULATION CRISIS SUBMITTED TO MS. AMNA NAVEED SUBMITTED BY USSAMA JAVED AFTAB IQBAL M. UMAIR SIDDIQUE RAZA AMJAD POPOULATION CRISIS SUBMITTED TO MS. AMNA NAVEED LECTURER MANGMENT SCIENCES COMSATS LAHORE SUBMITTED BY USSAMA JAVED ciit/fa09-bba-146/lhr AFTAB IQBAL ciit/fa09-bba-009/lhr M. UMAIR SIDDIQUE ciit/fa09-bba-053/lhr RAZA AMJAD ciit/fa09-bba-116/lhr Submission date May3,2010 COMSATS Institute Of information Technology Lahore ACLNOLDGEMENT First of completely, we would cargon to thank our friends for assisting and dower us in our research. We would interchangeable to thank our t distri thoivelyer for helping us how to do report.We would like to thank our librarian for letting us relieve some(prenominal) books, for the computer lab incharge for letting us use computers. We would like to thank our p atomic number 18nts for their financial and never ending support, for the help in our subscribe to and for its winner. And it would non be successful without God who guide s us in our unremarkable life story and activites, we thank Him for the good wellness He has tending(p) to us, and for the success of our study. For only the peck who helped us a lot, thank you genuinely practic every last(predicate)y and may god b slight you all Management Sciences COMSATS Institute Of Information TechnologyDefence Road Lahore April 3,2010 Falcons BBA- Batch 12- Sec C COMSATS Lahore undefendable letter of authorization adept falcons We be glad to inform you that you name been selected to undergo a research and prep be a report regarding POPOULATION CRISIS . In the report you should solely analyze the situation, posit answerable factors and also conjure remedy for it. We result give you every assistance required for the research. In case of any ambitiousy feel free to let us know. We will appreciate if you submit your findings in a month. Sincerely Amna Naveed Falcons BBA-Batch12-SecCCOMSATS Lahore May 3, 2010 Ms. Amna Naveed Lecturer Management S ciences COMSATS Lahore Subject Letter of transmittal Dear Ms. Naveed As you requested here is our report on POPOULATION CRISIS . This report is completely according to your instructions and requirements. This report is based on thorough study and includes the complete analysis of the problem and remedy for it. I am reliable that the report will give you complete help to evaluate the situation. last and thoroghly to put an end to the problems of over existence, health crisis, solid nutriment crisis, reinence crisis.It was so nice of you to deputize us this task. Please let me know if I can be of provided assiastance. Sincerely Falcons TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents page macrocosm 9 Over creation 10 History of universe of man 11 state of Pakistan 13 Major crisis repayable to over state 16 Major causes of over state 24 abstract 26 Conclusions 27 Recommendations 28 Appendix 29 Bibliography 32 glossiness 33 Index 34 INTRODUCTION This report is about the commonwealth crisis. It describes little about the population of world exactly its focus is on overpopulation in Pakistan.The purpose of report is to make awarf beeness that the base all the crisis in the ground is vast add in population. The victuals crisis, health crisis, etc are all due to overpopoulation. On independence the population of Pakistan was conscionable 3 crore but within last few decades thither was huge ontogeny in population. Overpopulation is a condition where an organisms tally exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat. In common land parlance the bourn to the relationship in the midst of the adult male population and its surround, the Earth. A society is called overpopulated when the resources are less than the bod of individual(a)s there.OVERPOULATION Overpopulation is a condition where an organisms poetry exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. In common parlance, the term often refers to the relationship between the mankind population and its environment, th e Earth. Overpopulation does non depend solo on the size or density of the population, but on the ratio of population to accessible surviveable resources. It also depends on the way resources are employ and distributed throughout the population If a given environment has a population of 10 individuals, but there is sustenance or drinking water enough for only 9, indeed in closed system where no trade is affirmable, that environment is overpopulated if the population is unrivalled C but there is enough nutriment, shelter, and water for 200 for the indefinite emerging, and so it is non overpopulated. Overpopulation can result from an augment in births, a dusk in mortality esteems due to medical advances, from an increase in immigration, or from an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. It is possible for very sparsely-populated areas to be overpopulated, as the area in question may engage a meager or non-existent cleverness to sustain human life (e. g. the middle of the Sahara Desert).The resources to be considered when evaluating whether an ecological respite is overpopulated include clean water, clean air, food, shelter, warmth, and early(a) resources necessary to sustain life. If the eccentric of human life is addressed, there may be additional resources considered, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as medical care, education, proper sewage treatment and waste disposal. Overpopulation places free-enterprise(a) stress on the sancti onenessd life sustaining resources, leading to a lowly quality of life. The rapid increase in human population over the course of the 20th century has raised concerns about the Earths ability to sustain a bighearted number of inhabitants.In 2009, the estimated gradebook harvest-festival direct was 1. 10%, and the world population stood at roughly 6. 7 billion. actual projections show a steady decline in the maturation rate, and a population of around 9 billion by the year 2050. The scientific c onsensus is that the electric online population expansion and accompanying increase in routine of resources is linked to threats to the ecosystem. The InterAcademy Panel Statement on macrocosm Growth, which was ratified by 58 member academies in 1994, called the expansion in human numbers unprecedented, and stated that many an(prenominal) environmental problems were aggravated by the population expansion.At the measure, the world population stood at 5. 5 billion, and optimistic scenarios predicted a peak of 7. 8 billion by 2050, a number that current estimates show will be reached around 2030. HISTORY OF race OF earth If you were to place a standard sheet of writing paper . 1mm four-ply and cut it into two sheets, placing one atop the other, it would wherefore be . 2mm thick. Then, edged the stack of two and making a stack of 4 sheets, it would then be . 4mm thick. Believe it or not, if you continued to do this alone one hundred times, doubling the size of the stack ea ch time, the thickness of he stack would be 1. 334 x 1012 light-years. This is an example of exponential or geometric harvest-home, where the rate of exploitation is always proportional to its present size. exponential function growth also applies to the the human population. It begins developing very slowly, but over generations the growth rate increases more and more rapidly, similar to a snowball affect. It took the human population thousands of years to reach 1 billion in 1804. However, it took only 123 years for us to double to 2 billion by 1927.The population hit 4 billion in 1974 (only 47 years), and if we continue at our current rate, the human population will reach 8 billion in 2028. Doubling from our present count of 6. 8 billion to 13. 6 billion will gather in a much(prenominal) greater refer than our last couple doublings combined. Overpopulation isnt except population density (amount of people per landmass). Overpopulation applies as yet moreso to the number o f people in an area exceeding the resources and the carrying capacity of the environment necessary to sustain human activities. attractionframe So much focus is placed on the rapid population growth in third world countries. However, when we compare lifestyles of the rich countries vs. the poor countries, the rich countries are a much greater problem. For example, Americans constitute only five portion of the worlds total population, but consume 26% of the worlds capacity. Just as much as the population size, we destiny to consider the resources consumed by each person, and the damage done by technologies used to supply them.Overpopulation is when the number of people can not be permanently maintained without depleting resources and without degrading the environment and the peoples standard of living. Because we are rapidly apply up resources around the world, virtually all nations are overpopulated. This applies even more so to the rich nations. As we use up the resources, the earths carrying capacity continues to decrease. POPULATION OF PAKISTAN The primary Pakistan Census after(prenominal) the proclamation of independence of Pakistan was conducted in 1951. It was decreed that censuses have to be carried out once in 10 years.The mo census was conducted in 1961. However the third one was conducted in 1972 because of war with India. The fourth census was held in 1981. The fifth census was conducted delayed in March 1998. The sixth census of Pakistan is planned in October 2008. POPULATION BY PROVINCE/REGION SINCE 1951 Todays Snerue The above tables sumrazies the figures of population from first day till now. It is clear from above that in 1951 population of pakistan was not very large drastic change in population occurred after 1971. Now the growth rate of population is 1. percent which is worst growth rate of the world. Now Pakistan is on no3 in hurt of population in all the world. MAJOR CRISIS DUE TO OVERPOPULATION Following are some major crisis a nd problems which we set about due to overpopulation Food Crisis wellness Crisis befoulment Diseases terrorist act organization Crisis Poverty Unemployment Now we will discuss all of them one by one FOOD CRISIS The world financial experts have placed Pakistan on a list of 36 countries that face a serious food crisis, warning that if the situation worsens people may assail storage facilities for food.Like rest of the world Pakistan is also facing food crisis, and it has two sides one is unavailability of edibles and second is soaring sets due to flutter in direct and supply of edibles. According to the website of UN International task pluck on ball-shaped food crisis the price of food commodities has risen by 83 per cent over the last 36 months on transnational markets, and it is estimated that 854 million people are in a state of food insecurity around the world.World prices of food grains have risen abstruse in the last several(prenominal) months due to varied reasons i ncluding increase submit in emerging economies, to poor harvests and farming methods, oil prices, massive diversionary attack of food grains for making bio-fuels, provision of land for bio-fuels, global warming, high population growth, changed eating habits, manipulative intention of international financial markets with nullifyd single-valued function of national governance.United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon lead a concerted effort by 27 key UN agencies to tackle the emergence crisis caused by a worldwide sharp rise in staple fiber foodstuff prices at a conference in the Swiss crownwork Bern. In case of Pakistan, the food crisis comes hand in hand with an energy crisis and in un true political environment along with the extremist threats. It is judge that food and energy shortages could commence worse this summer. Food shortages do not make a companion to long periods of energy outages (load-shedding).This dangerous admixture can bring the political plans of po litical shenanigans to dogs if these base assumes inhabit unmet. More problem appears to those economies that are not cultivation based and Pakistan is a chaff and rice producing awkward and should not have had to face an shrewd shortage. a very beta question arises here how did it get to this pegleg? It is believed that husbandry scientists will have to introduce modern technologies for high yield at low price to enable the government to cope with the mulish crisis of food shortage.Even the UN Secretary superior general has express that agriculture is need to be improved for coup up current food crisis all over the world. After a quarter century of relative neglect, agriculture is back on the international agenda, sadly with a vengeance, Mr. Ban said in an address at the start of the three-day high-level segment of the annual meeting of the instruction for Sustainable bob upment (CSD). The onset of the current food crisis has highlighted the fragility of our succes s in feeding the worlds growing population with the technologies of the first green revolution and subsequent pastoral improvements, he added.According to Daily Times an Economic analyst, Khalid Mahmood underlined the need for increasing agricultural yields though usage of hybrid seeds, better water circumspection, change magnitude role of government for ensuring effective safety and support mechanisms such as making a reservoir of food grain, and also public-private partnerships to overcome the crisis. The skyrocketing prices are jeopardizing the purchasing power of financially crumbling consumers. The price of food items such as vegetables, whiner and meat has increased by more than 20 percent just in one month, which has further made the half of the population of country food insecure.It is stated that 50 percent of the population is talking less calories recognized for average human need, 20 percent out of those 50 percent population, bottom line people were the greater suf fers and were miserably attempt to meet their rudimentary food needs even by conciliative on their non-food expenses. The current crisis would further worsen if the government is failed to come up with an informed policy and decisions, the majority of the people particularly the poor would be the greater sufferer, however their upkeep is more towards the political issues and people are suffering due to energy and food shortage. there are several lacunae in domestic policy recognized and role of the previous government primarily for not realizing the strength of the crisis that was coupled with poor decisions making including the do byment failure in the worse crisis of 2007 when even international oil prices were not so high, unavailability of fresh seeds and terminally the export of rice which this instant increased the need of wheat.The previous government paid less attention to demand and supply management, rather tried to address the issue the right way and developing lo ng term measures it waged ineffective ad-hoc measures such as subsidies trance oil-driven economy of Pakistan is facing serious shortage of energy resulting in increased cost of production and transportation. The situation of food shortage in Pakistan calls for a multi-sectoral strategy to address this serious issue. it is also important to note that Ministry of pay alone cannot try a solution to the worsening problem.Pakistan needs gummy strategy including the focus on revising the import parity set formula and revised structure of levyes levied on petroleum products, further demand and supply management in energy sector, agriculture, and communication. it is also suggested that the Planning Commission of Pakistan should take lead in formulating proposals in this regard. The culture of accountability of the political leadership which was responsible for current energy deficit and the resultant price hikes is also needed.Another important point in this regard is atta import t o Afghanistan though NWFP atta dealers saythat the atta was exported to Afghanistan under the trade policy and a regulatory tax of Rs500 is charged on every bag of 100-kg exported to Afghanistan. It is also said that Currently, there is no smuggling on Afghanistan level and whatever is transported to Afghanistan is legal, and is on abidance with an agreement signed between Pakistan and Afghanistan, that is an open lie. Interestingly President George W. scouring has urged Afghan Govt. o gain self food sufficiency to reduce food pressure on Pakistan in SHARM El-SHEIKH Egypt. Government is taking stairs to curb this situation Minster for Privatization and Investment Syed Naveed Qamar has directed Utility Stores Corporation (USC) to examine sufficient supply of a? attaa and other necessities on its outlets across the country. Syed Naveed Qamar, The minister said that the government was making all-out efforts to provide essential items like atta, ghee and sugar to the people in suffic ient quantity.Furthermore the government has warned the wheat hoarders to offer their wheat by Monday (May 19) to the public sector procurement agencies other their stocks will be confiscated. A detailed briefing on current wheat situation was given to the Minister for Food, Agriculture and Livestock(MINFAL) Mr. Nazar Muhammad Gondal by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. HEALTH CRISIS According to a report approximately there are 15000 births per day in Pakistan. For these children at least 15 hospitals each with 400-500 beds are required which is not possible.No rich state can provide such huge facility on daily basis then how can Pakistan? After all it is develop country. We are facing health crisis now a days just due such large birth rate. In 1970s health facilities were available to everyone because at that time our population was just 1. 5 crore which is nothing as compared to todays population. POLLUTION For the first time ever human enterprise may be impacting planet earth in a permanent way. How is this possible? What are we doing now that humans have not been doing for millennia? Several overt things come to mind.We are creating some very indestructible waste stuff and nonsense as a by-product of generating energy. This includes radioactive waste, and it also includes carbon dioxide, the major contributor to the planetary greenhouse. We are putting gases into the atmosphere and substances into the ground that take a very long time to be absorbed into the general biosphere. We are removing old growth timber faster than it can step in itself. We are flushing substances into the world ocean that can affect the unblemished ocean food chain. Only three of these items are new, radioactive waste and manmade long-lasting gases and waste materials.Humans have been doing the remainder for as long as humans have existed. Why, then, are we only now experiencing a global impact? The simple answer istoo many people. Planet earth has an amazing ability to absorb and take into stride incredible amounts of stuff. Our biosphere has evolved an entire range of mechanisms for cleaning itself up after both non-human and human input. surcharge the system, however, and it grinds to a halt. A stream continuously surrounded by a herd of bison will become as contaminated and unfit for further use as one overloaded with human sewage.Yet each can handle reasonable levels of contamination. The problem usually is not what, but how much. The remaining problems are not really problemsthey all are just symptoms of an underlying problem too many people. So long as we address only the symptoms, the problem will remain unsolved, andbecause of its naturewill continue to grow. World-wide we are extending the average human life-span world-wide we are reducing babe mortality world-wide, across the human spectrum, we are reducing disease and shoemakers last. With the exclusion of some industrialized nations, however, the world-wide birth-rate is going up.It doesnt take an advanced pointedness to see where all this leads. An overflowing world population will at long last overload our planets short-term ability to handle everything we constitute at it. Increasing greenhouse temperatures, polluted groundwater, single species forests, dying abyssal food chainsthese may just be the beginning. In the final analysis, fortunately, planet earth is self-regulating. Unfortunately, this self-regulation is on a time scale that dwarfs human experience. DISEASES Disease is not a severe problem when it is on a small scale.We can handle them easily when few people are affected. Now as our population is very huge diseases spread very rapidly because everyone has a social life also. When diseases become common in a large number of masses then it is very difficult to provide sufficient treatment to all of them. Attack of Dangi last year is the obvious example. TERRORISM Terrorism is simply a state of insecurity. thither are a number of causes of terrorism one of them is poverty which is due to overpopulation. Thus, we can say that overpopulation is one of the causes of Terrorism .In our country the basic biological needs ( food, shelter and cloth ) are not world satisfied. Some extremists and Mullahs ensure people that they will satisfy there basic needs if you come with us. The poor people have no other choice thus they shake hand with Mullahs. When state is not providing basic needs to masses and these extremists are providing then people will go with them. Thus people feel no hesitation in destroying their country on the command of these people. Terrorism started majorly during and after General Zias term and there was huge increase in population during the period of Zia.There were only 500 Madrasas in 1977 but in 1987 their number reached 2000. organisation CRISIS When people are not getting proper food, health facilities etc and other basic facilities then it means that government is doing nothing or in other words we can say that government is unable to govern the state. Now a days this all is happening in Pakistan. roughly of the people blames government for this but government is not solely responsible for it. Its major reason overpopulation. Government can run a state with small population very smoothly but it is very hard to handle millions of people.POVERTY Poverty is majorly due to overpopulation. When there are curious resources and a population of billions then how people can live a life of boom. Pakistan has a population of approximately 17 crore and resources for only 12. 5 crore then the remaining people have to lead a life full of poverty. In 1970s the the resources were more than the number of individuals but afterwards we just increased our population not resources. Therefore, we are facing such a worst situation. UNEMPLOYMENT Employment is very important for any individual to live a happy life.But unfortunately it is not available to everyone in Pakistan, its m ajor reason is overpopulation. The 60% of our population is less in 25 years in age. The population of Pakistan is considered as nigh small population of the world. It is impossible for any government to provide jobs to such a huge number of people. When a large number of people have no jobs then economic growth would be nothing. MAJOR CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION discipline in the Death Rate The fall in devastation range that is decline in mortality rate is one fundamental causes of overpopulation. owe to the dvancements in medicinal drug, man has found cures to the previously fatal diseases. The new inventions in medicine have brought in treatments for most of the dreadful diseases. This has resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of individuals. Mortality rate has declined leading to an increase in population. Owing to modern medications and improved treatments to various illnesses, the overall death rate has gone down. The brighter side of it is that we have been able t o fight many diseases and hinder deaths. On the other hand, the medical boon has brought with it, the curse of overpopulation. scratch in the Birth Rate Thanks to the new discoveries in nutritionary science, we have been able to bring in increase in the cornucopia rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the re fur-bearing rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments, which can help in conception. Thus, science has led to an increase in birth rate. This is certainly a reason to be proud and happy but advances in medicine have also become a cause of overpopulation. Migration Immigration is a problem in some parts of the world.If the inhabitants of various countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is encumber to suffer from the ill do of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country, overpopulation makes its way. The country becomes overly popu lated. Crowding of immigrants in certain parts of the world, results in an mental unsoundness in the density of population. Lack of Education Illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population.They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation has. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is ordinarily seen in the illiterate lot of the world. This is one of the major factors leading to overpopulation. imputable to ignorance, they do not take to family planning measures, thus contributing to a rise in population. Viewing the issue of increasing population optimistically, one may say that overpopulation means the increase in human resources. The increase in the number of people is the increase in the number of productive hands and creative minds.But we cannot ignore the fact that the increase in the number producers implies an incre ase in the number of consumers. Greater number of people requires a greater number of resources. Not every nation is exposed of providing its people with the adequate amount of resources. The ever-increasing population will eventually give way no nation capable of providing its people with the resources they need to thrive. When the environment fails to stick the living beings that inhabit it, overpopulation becomes a disaster. SUMMARY This report is about population crisis which is the most severe problem of present world.Pakistan is one of those countries whose population has increased dramatically and now the population of Pakistan is approximetly 20 crore. All major crisis and problems which Pakistan is facing are majorly due to overpopulation. The big reasons of overpopulation are decline in death rate, increase in birth rate and lack of education. If population growth would not be controlled then Pakistan will have a population of 40 crore in 2030. CONCLUTIONS From all abov e discussion it is concluded that overpopulation is the most important problem that we are facing now a days.If it is not controlled now then we have to face some severe crisis in near future. Our population is increaing rapidly and if it keep on growing at the same rate then in 2030 the population of pakistan will become largest population fo the world. It is obvious that that with all our efforts we can not manage such a huge population. Thus, we have to take some steps to control population. Our resources are not as much to feed such a large population due to which we are facing food crisis, health crisis, etc. Pakistan is a developing country and it can not increase its resources to such a graet extent.Due to overpopulation in the near future Pakistan will have to face civil war. RECOMMENDATIONS Following are some recommendations to control overpopulation Educate people regarding population crisis Encourage Immigrations Career Opportunities For The Women Develop policies like o ne or two children each textlist-item Do not allow refugees to enter in Pakistan APPENDIX Demographics of *Islamic majority rule of Pakistan* Population of Pakistan, 1961-2003 POPULATION BY PROVINCE/REGION SINCE 1951 POPOULATION OF WORLD drawframe TODAYS PAKISTAN drawframeBIBLOGRAPHY www. google. com www. wikipedia. com www. ask. com www. census. gov. pk www. times. com www. answers. com GLOSSARY *Overpopulation *Overpopulation is a condition where an organisms numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. In common parlance, the term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth. INDEX Population crisis, 9 * Food Crisis, 16 * Pakistan, 9 Domestic Policy*, 18* Overpopulation, 9 Multy-Sectoral Stratgy, *18* *Individual, 9 * * Ministry Of Finance*, 18 Organism, 10 Health Crisis, 20Carrying Capacity, 10 Hospitals, 20 Habitat, 10 Pollution, 20 Environment, 10 radioactive Waste, 20 *Resources, 10* * *Ground Water, 20 Interacting, 11 * *Diseases, 21 *Exponential Growth, 11* * *Social Life 21 *Human population, 11* * Terrorism*, 22 *Rich Countries, 12* * I*nsecurity, 22 *Americans, 12* * * biologic Needs, 22 *Census, 13* * *General Zia, 22 *Birth Rate, 14* * Governance Crisis, 2* Death Rate, 14 Poverty, 23 *Age Structure, 14* * * scrimpy Resources, 23 Unemployment, 23 Decline In Death Rate, 24 rhytidoplasty In Birth Rate, 24 Migration, 25 Lack Of education, 24 Conclusion, 27